Celtic Legends of Cú Chulainn; featuring realistic illustrations of Celtic Myth & Legend by Contemporary American Illustrator Howard David Johnson, whose Mythology, Folklore, Religion and History paintings have been published all over the world by distinguished learning institutions and publishers including the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. | ||||
Presents: A Contemporary Mythical Art Gallery: Legends of Cú Chulainn; A Gallery of New Gaelic Celtic Themed Artwork. |
||||
Paintings, Drawings and Pictures~ Illustrations depicting Celtic Mythology in traditional oil paints, Contemporary acrylics, colored pencils and today's digital media in a style inspired by classic illustrators.
|
||||
"Cu Chullain's War Chariot!" |
" The Scorn of the Morrigan" |
"Cú Chulainn's single combat with Fer Diad |
||
The
Gaelic Celtic
Mythological Art of Howard David Johnson
Cu Chulainn is one of the most famous Irish mythological heroes. He appears in the stories of the Ulster Cycle, and Scottish and Manx folklore. Son of Deichtine and the god Lugh, and the nephew of Conchobar mac Nessa, the King of Ulster. He was born Sétanta, a young boy with great potential. but he gained the name Cu Chulainn, meaning ‘Culann’s Hound’ after he killed a ferocious guard dog belonging to a smith named Culann. Cu Chulainn offered to take the place of the guard dog until a replacement could be reared. Cú Chulainn, with the responsibility as the hound of Ulster, or its protector, was left to single-handedly defend the land...
|
||||
"Cú Chulainn, awaiting single combat with one of Queen Maeve's (Madb) challengers" |
The heroes of the
Celts, although of divine ancestry
are in a different category than the gods
of the Gaelic Celts, just as Perseus and Siegfried are sons of Zeus and
Woten in Greek and
Nordic mythology.
The Red Branch Knights served Concobar mac
Nessa, king of Ulster, a
province of ancient Ireland. |
"Cú Chulainn, Lion of Ulster, Son of Lugh, Champion and Paladin of Emain Macha" |
||
These Red Branch
Knights, and their contemporaries, heroes of Munster and Connaught,
fought, rode, and raced in chariots; and that they erected immense duns
or forts like Emain Machawere all over Ireland. Scáthach taught
Cú Chulainn all the arts of war, including
the use of the Gáe Bulg, a terrible barbed spear, thrown with the foot,
that has to be cut out of its victim.
Cú Chulainn notably appears in Tochmarc Emire (The Wooing of Emer), called the Irish Iliad, it was an ancient folk tale preceding the great epic Táin Bó Cúailnge. (The Cattle raid of Cooley) In it, Cú Chulainn was said to be so beautiful and highly skilled that the women were unable to control themselves and it was decided he must marry as soon as possible. None of the choices brought before him were to his liking so he set out to find a bride on his own. After much searching, Cú Chulainn heard of Emer, who he hoped would meet his standards. She was noble daughter to the Chieftain Forgall Monach, who was very protective of her. Forgall tried to pair Cú Chulainn with his oldest daughter Fial, whom he had already pledged in marriage to Carpre Niafer but Cú Chulainn refused her. Forgall did not want him to marry Emer. Emer possessed the six gifts that made her ideal for her time. They were beauty, wisdom, chastity, voice, sweet speech, and needlework. Cuchulainn set out to pay Emer a visit... |
||||
"The Wooing of
Emer" |
"Emer, wife of Cú Chulainn & noble daughter of Chieftain Forgall the Clever" |
"Cú Chulainn wooing Emer"
|
||
Cú Chulainn, when he arrived, spoke to Emer in code words and phrases; riddles and puns that made no sense to the other listeners. They went on in that way for some time, and then Cú Chulainn peeked down the top of her shirt and said “ Fair is this plain, the plain of the noble yoke,’ said Cú Chulainn. ‘No one comes to this plain,’ said she, ‘who has not achieved the feat of slaying three times nine men with one blow, leaving one man in each group alive, and slay one hundred men at each of the fords between here and Emain Macha.”They had spoken in riddles, and that Emer had not only been quick enough to figure out what he was saying, she was clever enough to play the game with him. They both knew her over-protective father would not approve of him seeking her out, but he had wooed her, and she had accepted. this had been Forgall’s plan all along. | ||||
"Forgall tries to deceive CúChulainn" |
"Cú Chulainn finds favor in Emer's Eyes" |
"The Search for Scatha" |
||
Aided Óenfhir Aífe or The Death of Aífe's Only Son
|
||||
The journey to Scathach’s island was long and perilous, and with
luck, Cuchulainn would perish along the way. Even if he did get
there, Scathach’s training was harsh and many did not survive
it, and she was waging a war against a neighbouring warrior-woman
named Aoife, and that war claimed the lives of many students. At
best, Cuchulainn would be killed, but at worst, he would be gone
for several years, and Forgall could see Emer safely married to a
more suitable man before he returned.
Forgall quickly arranged for Emer to marry the King of Munster, a man named Lugaid. The wedding feast was arranged, and all was ready, but when Emer came out to meet her bridegroom, she took his face between her two hands and said to him “I love Cuchulainn, and Cuchulainn loves me.
|
"Aoife the Amazon, Sister of Scatha" "Scáthach's twin sister Aoife [pr. EE-fa] or Aífe was at war with her when Cú Chulainn came to train on the isle of Skye. He fought Aoife and bested her in combat and then became her lover and she bore a son, Conlaoch [conn ”chief” + laoch ”hero” ] or Connla. Aided Óenfhir Aífe (English: The Death of Aífe's Only Son) is a story from the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. In Aided Óefhir Aífe their son Conlaoch, at the age of seven, comes to Ireland in search of his father, following Cú Chulainn's instruction not to identify himself. |
He will come back for me, and if you take me against my will, it
will mean you have no honour, and he will take his revenge on you
for it.”
In spite of Forgall's protests, Lugaid left. Cú
Chulainn came and claimed her by force of arms and in the conflict her father
was killed. Emer mourned her father, but as Cuchulainn had not actually killed
him she did not hold it against him. His death was accidental, and his own
fault. So the two of them were married, and proved to be well-suited. They were equal to one another in wit and wisdom, and while Cuchulainn was often away with battles and feats of arms, and spent time with other women, Emer was not jealous, because she knew he would always return to her except one time... but that's another story...
|
||
The Search for Scatha, Master of War and goddess of Death
|
||||
Scatha, Scáthach (Scottish Gaelic: Sgàthach, Scathach, ) was the most fearsome warrior woman of old Irish legend. Her name means “the shadowy one” in Gaelic and she trained great soldiers at her school for heroes. In the legends, dying while training with Scáthach wasn’t at all unusual. Scáthach’s training was notoriously intense as she taught skills like pole vaulting over castle walls and underwater fighting. If her trainees didn’t survive her regimen, then her charges simply weren’t worthy. "The Warrior Maid" was also the rival and sister of Aífe, both of whom are daughters of Árd-Greimne of Lethra; If you wanted the honor of training with her, first you had to find her. Indeed, before any warriors could even ask Scáthach for help, they had to first find and then reach her domain. |
Finding Scáthach? Scáthach ~ teacher of fighters on the Isle of Skye Scáthach was also a formidable magician with the gift of prophecy. She became the Celtic goddess of the dead, ensuring the passage of those killed in battle to Tír na nÓg, the Land of Eternal Youth and the most popular of the Otherworlds in Celtic mythology...
|
The woman’s fortress, called Dun Scaith (Castle of Shadows), reportedly sat on Isle of Skye northwest of Scotland.
Kings and princes who wanted to get there had to cross the Irish Sea, known for its deadly storms and choppy waters, eastward or navigate the cold waters of the Atlantic northward along the craggy islands of western Scotland. Scáthach's instruction of the young hero Cú Chulainn; In Ireland’s mythological epic, the Táin Bó Cúailnge, it was said of him: "You will not encounter a warrior harder to deal with, nor a spear-point sharper or keener or quicker, nor a hero fiercer, nor a raven more voracious, nor one of his age to equal a third of his valour.
|
||
"Cú Chulainn and Aoife at ALBA" |
" Scátha" (close-up) |
"Cuchulain takes Emer by Force" |
||
Cú Chulainn takes Emer by Force" [detail] |
"Cuchulain the Giant Slayer" |
"Cú Chulainn wooing Emer" [detail]"
|
||
or "The Cattle Raid of Cooley" " The Great Battle between the forces of Ulster and Connacht" The Táin or Táin bo Cuailnge tells of a war against Ulster by Queen Medb of Connacht and her husband King Ailill, who determined to steal the prize stud bull Donn Cuailnge. Due to a curse levied upon the king and warriors of Ulster by Macha, the invaders are opposed only by the young demigod, Cú Chulainn. |
||||
The CURSE of MACHA |
The
Influence of Macha was profound on the cattle raid of Cooley because of
the famous race she ran
and won while pregnant with twins. The legends say she went to the
house of Cruind, a
farmer, and circled the flagstones outside his house three times
before choosing him to father her children.
When Macha was pregnant she had a conversation with the king of Ulster and Cruind boasted that Macha could outrun any horse. The king demanded to see this put to the test despite the protestations of Macha. |
Lone Defender of EMAIN MACHA |
||
She
insisted she be given time to give birth but the king refused and
forced her to compete. She died
after the race, giving birth to twins. In her dying pain and anger,
she curses the men of Ulster to nine times nine generations, that in
their time of worst peril they should suffer the pain of child birth.
When the time came for Queen Mave to invade Ulster, the curse struck
down all the men...
EXCEPT Cú Chulainn, who stood alone against an army...
|
||||
" Cú Chulainn Stands alone for ULSTER "
|
"Queen Mave betrays Cú Chulainn"
|
"Cú Chulainn ambushes the Charioteers "
|
||
The Beautiful Queen Medb of Connaught The Book of the Dun Cow, the Book of Leinster, and other old manuscripts tell romantic stories about those Red Branch Knights, and about the Knights of Munster and Connaught. The most celebrated of all these tales is what is called the Táin Bó Cúailnge or "Cattle spoil" of Cooley. The saga begins with pillow talk; The incredibly beautiful Queen Medb and her husband King Ailill boasting about their resources and him pointing out Medb lacks a bull to match Finnbennach Ai, the White-Horned, of Ailill’s herd. Medb tries to aquire Donn Cuailnge, a fabulous Brown Bull from Dáire mac Fiachna, but fails when her men are overheard saying Medb would take the bull by force if necessary.Queen Medb of Connaught, having some cause of quarrel with an Ulster chief, set out on a plundering expedition, attended by all Connaught's great heroes including Ulstermen in exile headed by Fergus mac Roich.
|
||||
"Queen Medb's Druid foretells the Future " |
" The Beautius Queen Mave ( Medb)" |
"King Ailill Wounds Queen Medb's Pride " |
||
Queen Medb [Mave] beautiful daughter of the high king of Ireland then sent her army north to raid Ulster and steal their prize bull. Her name means "she who intoxicates" and gave her warriors copious servings of mead every night and chose a warrior to face Cuchullain in single combat. | ||||
"Queen Maive of Connaught" [Mave]
|
During the march northwards, The warrior queen wore golden armor and had nine
splendid chariots for herself and her attendant chiefs, her own in the centre, with two abreast in front, two behind, and two on each side,
right and left; and—in the words of the old tale—"the reason for this
order was, lest the clods from the hoofs of the horses, or the
foam-flakes from their mouths, or the dust raised by that mighty host,
should strike and tarnish the golden diadem on the head of the queen."
Her promised rewards included gold, lands and even the hand of her lovely daughter in marriage.
|
"The Golden Diadem of Queen Medb"
|
||
"Cu Chulainn in his War Chariot" |
"Queen Maeve parlays with Cu Chullain" |
"Cu Chulainn, Son of Lugh" |
||
The Heroes of Ulster have little to do with fairyland, but their enemy, Medb, [Madb or Mave] is credited with Queenly rule among the Sidhe (Fairies) and is held by some to be the original "Queen Mab" The invading army entered Ulster when the men were under a spell of feebleness, all but Cuculainn, who had to defend single-handed the several fords and passes, in a series of combats against Maive's best champions, in all of which he was victorious. But, in spite of what he could do, Queen Maive carried off nearly all the best cattle and, at their head, a great brown bull which indeed was what she chiefly came for. At length the Ulstermen, having been freed from the spell, attacked and routed the Connaught army. The battles, single combats, and other incidents of this war are related in the Tain, which consists of one main story, with about thirty minor tales grouped round it.
|
||||
"The Death of Fer Diad"
|
"The Fury of Cú Chulainn"
|
"Cu Chulainn ambushed by Medb"
|
||
"Lugh visits Cu Chulainn by Night"
|
"Cú Chulainn wrestles Fraech Mac Fidach in the Ath Fuait River" |
"Queen Medb’s Champion"
|
||
Fergus,
who was not noted for his respect for Medb or women in general quoth:
"That's usually what happens when a mare leads a herd of horses - all
their energy gets pissed away, following the rump of a skittish
female."
|
||||
|
|
|
||
"The Final Battle at Garech" The Turning of the Tide; At The Great Battle of Garech, Fergus sheaths his sword and withdraws his men because of an oath he made to Cu Chulainn when he earlier had saved his life. Many other forces left the field with Fergus leaving only the armies of Medb and Ailill and their seven sons to face the combined might of the forces of Ulster. |
||||
An Edition straight from the Golden Age of Illustration~ A Dream come true from Easton Press... info@howarddavidjohnson.com Your business, letters, & links are always welcome. ************************************************************************************* The story of Fairy Queen Fand, Emer's only true rival for Cú Chulainn's affections... *************************************************************************************
|
||||
|
"Fairy Queen Fand, the Otherworldly Woman"
|
"Fand ~ Emer's only Jealousy"
|
||
The
Wasting Sickness of Cú Chulainn and Only Jealousy of Emer
chronicles the struggle of three women... Emer, Eithne Inguba and Fand
the Faerie Queen for possession of Cuchulain.
After Emer has shamed him for allowing a woman's love to weaken him, Cú Chulainn travels with Liban, defeats Fand's enemies, and stays with her for a month. When he returns to Ireland he arranges a tryst with her, but Emer finds out and sharpens a knife, intending to kill Fand, but when she sees the strength of Fand's love she offers to give her up husband to her. Fand is so impressed by Emer's magnanimity that she gives up her claim on Cú Chulainn and returns to her husband. |
"The Only Jealousy of Emer" Emer's hope to win back Cuchulain's love for her during her initial inability to give up hope of winning back his love, and through to her final renunciation of his love, the depth of her love and the extent of her sacrifice is shown. By renouncing the love of her life, Emer proves herself to be a sublime and superior heroine. |
The
druids give Cú Chulainn and Emer a potion to wipe the whole affair from
their memories, and Manannán shakes his cloak between Cú Chulainn and Fand, ensuring they will never meet again.
Emer's behavior is brave as well as
insightful. Fand's allurements are transitory. Fand's calculated
allurement contrasts with Emer's passionate suffering. Fand wants to
catch him to fulfill herself, not to aid in his salvation. Emer is more
courageous than Eithne Inguba, more self-sacrificing than Fand, and
more forgiving than Aoife. Emer's love for her husband transfigures
her, whereas Aoife's vindictive hatred for Cuchulain cost them their
only child.
|
||
Instead of being the jealous wife seeking vengeance for herself, she is jealous only for her husband's well-being.
During
his many years as champion of Ulster, Cú Chulainn slew all the men
who
challenged him. One was Calatan, a great sorcerer who left a pregnant
wife who bore sextuplets: three girls and three boys, raised in all
the arts of druidry and sorcery. When the time came, they set out with
a troop to take revenge. Cuchulainn,
knowing nothing of this, carried on his life for many years,
and one day came on three hags roasting a hound, and inviting him to
join
their meal. These were the Morrigan, the goddess of war. Long before
that, she had offered Cuchulainn her love, and he turned her down.
Cuchulainn tried to decline
them but they bewitched and cursed him, breaking his solemn vow and
losing him half his strength. This was his punishment for rejecting the goddess.
In
his weakened state, he still killed the three sons of Calatan, but
Lugaid Cu Roi pulled the spear out, and threw it back at Cuchulainn,
straight through his stomach, spraying out his intestines. Cuchulainn,
mortally wounded, set his eye upon a standing-stone in the plain,
and put his breast-girdle round it that he might not die on the ground like an animal, but so he might
die on his feet
like a warrior.
The warriors gathered round about him, daring not to approach. Then
came the battle goddess Morrigu and her sisters in the form of
scald-crows and perched on his shoulder.
|
||||
"Cú Chulainn & the three one-eyed hags" |
"The Death of Cú Chulainn" [detail] |
"The Death of Cú Chulainn" |
||
As
he stood there, dying, one of the birds tripped over his intestine.
Cuchulainn laughed, and died with the laugh in his mouth. For three
days after he died, he stood tied to the rock, and still none of his
enemies
were brave enough to approach, and make sure he was dead. At the end of
three days, the Morrigan took the shape of a raven, and perched on his
shoulder, and when he did not move, they knew it was safe. Lugaid Cu
Roi wanted Cuchulainn’s sword as a trophy, but he had died with
such a
tight grip on it that Lugaid could not get the sword free. He drew a
knife and cut the tendons on Cuchulainn’s hand to loosen his grip, and
when the sword fell it cut off Lugaid Cu Roi’s hand.
If you enjoyed this exhibit you might want to visit this one too~ Popular retellings of the Cú Chulainn legends include Lady Gregory's Cuchulain of Muirthemne (1902) and Eleanor Hull's The Boys' Cuchulain, were published, and William Butler Yeats wrote a series of plays, On Baile's Strand (1904), The Green Helmet (1910), At the Hawk's Well (1917), The Only Jealousy of Emer (1919) and The Death of Cuchulain (1939), featuring the hero. More recent literary retellings of Cú Chulainn's story include Morgan Llywelyn's 1989 historical novel Red Branch, Rosemary Sutcliff's children's novel The Hound of Ulster (1963), and in The Ulster Cycle (2002-13) Randy Lee Eickhoff translates Ireland's ancient mythology into vital, accessible and novelistic retellings.
|